Evaluation of the Utilisation of Cataract Surgery Services in South Article

Evaluation of the Utilisation of Cataract Surgery Services in South India - Article Example Blindness is a major health problem in India. It has been estimated that about 12 million people are suffering from blindness in India, the dominant cause of which is cataract. Cataract accounts for nearly two-third of blind population in India. The Government of India launched National Programme for Control of Blindness in 1976 and the World Bank Assisted Cataract Blindness Control Project in 1994, with the aim to bring down the incidence of blindness from 1.4% to 0.3%. To achieve this, eye care infrastructure and human resources were developed, accessibility to eye care services were increased and quality of eye care services was improved. As a result, many cataract surgeries were performed and are being performed at various visual camps to restore vision of the affected persons. Cataract is easily treatable by surgery. Though extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) is much better than intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) in terms of outcome and patient satisfaction, not many surgeons are trained in ECCE. Also, it is much costlier and takes longer time. Consequently, a substantial part of cataract extractions are still performed as ICCEs. In a study by Nirmalan et al (2004), it has been reported that a large proportion of people who required eye care did not utilize eye care services at the time. In our study, we would like to evaluate the utilization of cataract surgery services mainly in South India and find out reasons for not utilization so that policies can be recommended to improve these health services.

Vodka Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Vodka - Research Paper Example This pattern is also followed in the US also. Vodka normally contains 40% alchahol, which is the normal standard. Such vodka is widely used in Russia as well as the US. Even 50% alcoholic vodka is popular in the US. In some vodka, mainly polish descent, the alcoholic content is around 95%.In many east European countries as well as in the west, vodka is a supportive drink which is blended with other drinks. Examples are bloody marys, vodka martinis, etc (What is Vodka?). Vodka is a colourless and flavourless alchahol. The Russians normally brew it from grain whereas the poles make it from potatoes, beets, corn etc. the sugar is transformed into alchahol and distilled six times forgetting a wonderful mixture of vodka. Six times is the magical number. It is then filtered through charcoal. Vodka is an ideal blender. This property is used to the maximum in many countries. For example a bottle of istok or moskovskaya has milder quantities of vodka blended into it. There are more than 400 brands of vodka in Russia. It is flavoured and the most popular is the pepper flavoured vodka. Sometimes lemon is also used for flavouring. In US vodka is closely associated with martinis and cocktails. The average American drinker does not drink vodka straight. The American drinker does not mix vodka with beer as the Russian drinkers do (Gougeon). In today’s spirit industry, vodka is the most dynamic spirits in the global arena. Its growth trajectory is nothing but truly phenomenal. Over the past 20 years there has been an increase of a staggering 246.7m cases world wide. The growth of vodka is mainly associated in countries like Russia and Poland. In Russia there has been an increase by 21m cases over the 20 year period. This growth is truly commendable because it was achieved against tight governmental control as well as rising affluence. In US also there was tremendous growth for vodka. There was growth by 21.2m cases over the